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Olanzapine slide 35 of 56, Olanzapine,. Olanzapine slide 36 of 56, Olanzapine,. Olanzapine slide 37 of 56, Olanzapine,. Today, it is usually given only when other drugs fail because it can cause a serious blood disorder in some people. It was followed by several other atypical antipsychotics, including aripiprazole Abilify , asenapine Saphris , iloperidone Fanapt , olanzapine Zyprexa , paliperidone Invega , quetiapine Seroquel , risperidone Risperdal , and ziprasidone Geodon.
See Table 1. Atypical antipsychotics can cause troubling side effects, including muscle rigidity, slow movement and involuntary tremors known as extrapyramidal symptoms , substantial weight gain, an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and elevated cholesterol levels. Side effects are listed in Table 2.
Managing children with developmental or behavioral disorders can be challenging for parents and doctors. This report is part of a Consumer Reports project to help you find safe, effective medicines that give you the most value for your health-care dollar.
But what we do know is that they affect levels of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters, which play important roles in behavior and cognition, as well as sleep, mood, attention, memory, and learning.
This might be how they reduce psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and agitation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It also might explain how they can reduce aggression, irritability, and self-injuring behaviors associated with pervasive developmental disorders and disruptive behavior disorders. Most of the studies on atypical antipsychotics have focused on treating schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Some of the drugs have FDA approval to treat those conditions in children and teens as well as adults. Off-label uses for atypical antipsychotics in children include the treatment of pervasive development disorders, such as autism and Asperger syndrome, and disruptive behavior disorders.
For all four conditions-bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, pervasive development disorders, and disruptive behavior disorders-the evidence supporting the use of atypical antipsychotics by young people is limited to a few, small short-term studies, with no good-quality evidence on longer-term effectiveness and safety.
Overall, studies on the use of atypical antipsychotics by children have involved only about 2, of them. About 1, children had bipolar disorder, had pervasive developmental disorders, had disruptive behavior disorders, and fewer than had schizophrenia. The box on section 2 shows which drugs have been studied in children, and for which conditions.
Only aripiprazole Abilify , olanzapine Zyprexa , quetiapine Seroquel , and risperidone Risperdal have been studied in children with bipolar disorder. In teenagers with new-onset schizophrenia, only olanzapine Zyprexa , quetiapine Seroquel , and risperidone Risperdal have been studied. Aripiprazole Abilify , olanzapine Zyprexa , and risperidone Risperdal have been studied in children with pervasive developmental disorders, while only risperidone Risperdal has been studied in children with disruptive behavior disorders.
For each of these conditions in children, evidence directly comparing one atypical antipsychotic to another is either extremely limited or nonexistent. The evidence for benefit and harm is mentioned below by condition for each drug.
Schizophrenia has been diagnosed in children as young as 5 but this is very rare. Men usually experience the first symptoms in their late teens and early to mids; women are usually first diagnosed in their 20s to mids. They might be withdrawn, fearful, and agitated, and experience hallucinations and delusions. And they might have great difficulty connecting to others emotionally. Many people with schizophrenia live meaningful lives and function well with proper treatment.
Most studies of atypical antipsychotic drugs have focused on adults with schizophrenia. They have been found to help reduce symptoms, improve the quality of life, and lessen the chance of a person doing harm to himself or others. But studies on the use of antipsychotics by teenagers whose schizophrenia was recently diagnosed are limited. Asenapine Saphris , Clozpine Clozaril , iloperidone Fanapt , paliperidone, and ziprasidone Geodon are not listed because they have not been studied in children.
Studies of adults show that about half of those with schizophrenia experience a meaningful reduction in their symptoms after taking an antipsychotic. Some symptoms, such as agitation, may get better in just a few days.
Others, such as delusions and hallucinations, can take four to six weeks to ease. As a result, nearly every person diagnosed with schizophrenia will receive an antipsychotic drug. Olanzapine Zyprexa and quetiapine Seroquel had a similar effect on symptoms after six months in a very small study of teenagers who had new diagnoses of schizophrenia. Risperidone Risperdal and olanzapine Zyprexa led to similar improvements in symptoms over eight weeks.
Most people with bipolar disorder are usually given a diagnosis in their late teens or early 20s. The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that the condition affects less than 3 percent of teenagers, but the exact prevalence is unknown because the disorder is difficult to diagnose in children. This is partly because the symptoms are less clear in children than in adults, and they can overlap with other childhood conditions, such as ADHD or conduct disorder.
The hallmark symptoms of bipolar disorder are sharp swings between very high moods-or mania-and very low moods-or depression. In most cases, those extremes in mood last for several weeks. But some people with bipolar disorder may have periods where symptoms of mania and depression are present simultaneously.
Atypical antipsychotics are generally not used to treat bipolar disorder until people have first tried other medications, including lithium, divalproex, and carbamazepine. Studies of adults have found that all the antipsychotics can help reduce mania symptoms of bipolar disorder, with 40 to 75 percent of people experiencing a decrease in symptoms.
But there have been fewer studies on the effect of the drugs on adults with bipolar disorder than with schizophrenia, and even fewer among children with bipolar disorder. In one study, short-term response-meaning a 50 percent or greater reduction in symptoms-was seen in 45 to 64 percent of children and teenagers taking aripiprazole after four weeks of treatment compared with 26 percent who took a placebo.
Remission-a nearly complete resolution of symptoms- was achieved in 25 to 72 percent of children taking aripiprazole compared with 5 to 32 percent on a placebo. But at the end of the study, the children taking aripiprazole rated their quality of life lower than those who were treated with a placebo. In one study, 58 to 64 percent of children and teenagers with mania symptoms showed a response after three weeks of treatment with quetiapine compared with 37 percent who took a placebo.
Remission was seen in more than half who took quetiapine compared with 30 percent on a placebo. When quetiapine was used with another drug, di — valproex, by teenagers with acute mania episodes, 87 percent showed a response after six weeks compared with 53 percent who took divalproex alone. In another study that compared quetiapine to divalproex in teenagers with bipolar disorder, both drugs resulted in improved quality of life at the end of four weeks.
Improvements were seen in their ability to get along with others and manage their behavior, resulting in fewer disturbances in family life. And the parents of those on quetiapine said their children functioned better in school, both socially and academically, and also felt better about themselves. Quetiapine is no better than a placebo when it comes to depressive periods of bipolar disorder.
In a study of 32 teenagers with a depressive episode associated with bipolar disorder, quetiapine did not lead to improvements in symptoms or an improved rate of remission following eight weeks of treatment when compared with a placebo. One small study compared risperidone Risperdal and olanzapine Zyprexa in 31 preschool children with bipolar disorder who were displaying mania symptoms.
The drugs showed similar effectiveness in relieving symptoms following eight weeks of treatment. A larger study is needed to confirm those findings. Studies of teenagers with mania symptoms found that 59 to 63 percent who took risperidone Risperdal for three weeks experienced a response compared with 26 percent who took a placebo.
In a similar study with olanzapine Zyprexa , 49 percent of teenagers taking the medication showed a response compared with 22 percent who took a placebo. Both studies also found that risperidone and olanzapine resulted in more patients experiencing remission compared with a placebo. On average, one in children in the U. Autism, which is more common in boys than in girls, typically becomes apparent before age 3. The cause is unknown. People with autism have trouble with interpersonal and communication skills, and emotional reciprocity, and they generally demonstrate restricted and repetitive behavior, activities, and interests.
There is no cure, but there are treatments that can help. Structured educational or daily living programs focused on skill enhancement and communication strategies are typically used, along with behavior-management techniques and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Antipsychotics are prescribed, if necessary, with the aim of reducing disruptive behavior, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and self-injuring behavior.
Other medication might be used to treat other disorders, such as anxiety or depression. Few studies have looked at the use of antipsychotics by children with these disorders. Risperidone Risperdal is the only atypical antipsychotic that has been studied in preschool age children with pervasive developmental disorder, but it has not been found to be better than a placebo.
Limited evidence shows that after four months of treatment, 10 percent of children who show improvement will stop taking the drug either because it is no longer effective or they experience side effects. This led to a relapse-a return of symptoms to their initial level-in 63 percent, whereas only 13 percent of those who continued taking the drug an additional two months relapsed. In two studies involving children, those who took aripiprazole Abilify were less likely to cause harm to themselves or display aggression toward others compared with those who received a placebo.
They were also less irritable, had fewer angry outbursts, suffered from fewer mood changes or depressed moods, and were less prone to yell or scream inappropriately. Very limited evidence is available on the use of olanzapine Zyprexa by children with pervasive developmental disorders. Only two studies involving fewer than 25 children are available. The results suggest that olanzapine is superior to a placebo and similar to the older antipsychotic haloperidol Haldol.
But because of the extremely small number of children studied, larger studies are needed to determine whether those findings can be applied more broadly to children with pervasive developmental disorders.
Oppositional defiant disorder occurs in approximately 1 to 6 percent of youth, and conduct disorder occurs in roughly 1 to 4 percent. Olanzapine is a medicine that is used to treat mental health conditions e. It may also be used for other reasons. For example, it has been used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy.
You may hear olanzapine called by its brand name, Zyprexa. You may also hear it called an atypical antipsychotic agent. Olanzapine comes in tablet, oral dissolving tablet and injection forms.
Your child may experience some side effects while they take olanzapine. Check with your child's doctor if your child continues to have any of these side effects, if they do not go away, or if they bother your child:. There are some medicines that should not be taken together with olanzapine.
In some cases the dose of olanzapine or the other medicine may need to be adjusted. It is important that you tell your child's health care providers if your child takes any other medications prescription, over the counter or herbal including:.
If your child will be taking olanzapine over a long period of time, your doctor will need to perform routine blood tests e.
Keep Olanzapine out of your child's sight and reach and locked up in a safe place. If your child takes too much Olanzapine , call the Ontario Poison Centre at one of these numbers. These calls are free. Disclaimer : The information in this Family Med-aid is accurate at the time of printing.
It provides a summary of information about Olanzapine and does not contain all possible information about this medicine. Not all side effects are listed. If you have any questions or want more information about Olanzapine , speak to your healthcare provider. Skip to main content. It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. Please turn on JavaScript and try again.
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