The country also has an excellent public healthcare system, offering free or heavily-subsidized medical care, making it popular for families and placing it among the easy countries to immigrate to. Singapore is known to be as one of the most developed countries in Asia and offers reasonably liberal immigration and citizenship rules.
It ranks very highly on human development index, and has been a preferred destination for immigration amongst people from Malaysia, China, India and Indonesia. But it is also one of the most expensive countries to live in. Having small land mass with a dense population, Singapore housing prices are on par with those of Hong Kong or New York City.
To apply for residency, you must be the spouse or child of a Singapore citizen or permanent resident , the aged parent of a Singapore citizen, the holder of an employment pass or "S" pass for mid-range skilled workers, a student studying in Singapore, or a foreign investor.
In most cases, permanent residents can apply for Singapore citizenship after two years. However, there is one major caveat. Under Singapore law, all male citizens and permanent residents are required to enlist in the military and fulfill two years of active duty.
Afterward, requirements include 40 days of service per year for officers up to the age of 50, and 40 days of service per year up to the age of 40 for other ranks. Australia is the beautiful land of kangaroos and koalas, an excellent place to relocate and settle down.
The country offers an easy set of regulations for permanent residency to applicants. This country not only has a high standard of education and living, but also the job prospects are good in Australia. The Straits Times. Despite being a relatively expensive place to live, the average salary makes up for this.
All this combined makes Australia the best and easiest country to immigrate to. However, note that the country seldom issues residence visas to people aged over Plus, fluency in English helps a lot. Skilled applicants likely get preferential acceptance. However, much like New Zealand, another way in is via job offers in hard-to-fill positions in the agricultural sector. The best thing about immigrating to Denmark is, that it offers immediate work and resident permits to applicants through the Positive List Scheme, which lists the jobs with a shortage of workers in various industries, including engineering, academia, education, information technology, healthcare, and medicine.
Other categories include other jobs such as land surveyors, pharmacists, auditors, pharmacologists, business analysts, legal counselors, attorneys, and psychologists. Initial stay under this scheme is four years, which can be extended if the person remains in the same job. Another work-related immigration program is the Pay Limit Scheme for people with job offers from Danish companies, with salaries under the specified rates.
The initial residence and work permit is valid for four years, which can be extended if the employment in the same job is continuous. In both schemes, family members, such as spouses or partners and children under 18 years who still live with the applicant, are eligible for residence permits. Likewise, the spouse is allowed to work during the same period.
Connect with Us. For Media. You are here Home » Active. Back to Commentary and Analysis. X Views from the Center Feed. Owen Barder. Former Policy Analyst - Europe Office. Disclaimer CGD blog posts reflect the views of the authors, drawing on prior research and experience in their areas of expertise.
Related Posts. Blog Post. Sam Hughes and Ranil Dissanayake. In this country, you'd be joining approximately 20, Americans who reside in this foreign country. Nearly all New Zealanders speak English, it's easy to obtain an emigration visa and work permit, and there are plenty of exciting things to do — think scuba diving, skiing, or even winemaking.
The primary drawback of moving to this nation is that the cost of living in New Zealand is higher than in the United States. Germany is another nation that is very welcoming to Americans. Participants in phase one receive euros for adults and euros for children under 15; participants in phase two receive euros for adults and euros for children under Phase-one participants are also offered "emergency accommodation" and basic food once they register for the program, whereas phase-two participants are only eligible for accommodation on the night before their departure.
All program participants must forfeit their Czech documents. This means that any future application for permanent residence in the Czech Republic cannot be based on residence prior to the program. Individuals register for the program at Alien Police inspectorates and must be able to speak Czech or have the assistance of a translator by phone or in person.
Detailed information on the program is only available in the Czech language. From September 19, , to December 15, , the Czech government is also running a pay-to-go program for noncriminal, unauthorized migrants who are not currently in deportation proceedings. This program provides participants with paid transportation home, in addition to knowledge of the exact amount of time during which they will be banned from the Czech Republic a penalty for residing in the country illegally.
Individuals who agree to pay for their own plane tickets home are granted reduced bans on reentry. According to the Czech Ministry of the Interior's Department of Asylum and Migration Policy, participation in phase one of the program for legal migrants initially boomed and then decreased to a steady, lower volume of applications see Table 4.
The program overall has slightly exceeded its initial goal of 2, participants with 2, participants as of October 2, But that number falls well short of the upgraded goal of 4, participants.
Although the majority of individuals eligible for the program are from Ukraine and Vietnam, those from Mongolia made up The relatively low participation of Ukrainians, the largest immigrant group in the Czech Republic, could be due to the ability of this well-established community to provide social and economic support for those who need it.
The Vietnamese population may not be participating for a different set of reasons, including unpaid debts incurred to come to the Czech Republic, poor economic conditions in Vietnam, and the type of work they do — a large portion are self-employed while others take jobs that Czech citizens shun.
In looking at the three programs side by side, some have easier-to-meet criteria than others, some impose a stricter timeline, and some offer more generous benefits see Table 5. Together, these program designs not only reflect the intentions or calculations of program-sponsoring countries, but they also present a set of difficult tradeoffs for the migrants. In addition, critics have observed that because pay-to-go programs target specific immigrant populations, they serve to expel rather than integrate culturally distant populations or groups subject to social prejudice.
Some simply characterize the programs as anti-immigrant in nature and highlight the fact that they make remaining and prospective immigrant groups feel at risk and unwelcome. Meanwhile, home countries do not always welcome returnees, particularly during economic downturns. Home-country governments often worry that the return of migrants will diminish remittance flows, thereby hampering development.
Furthermore, home countries often lack adequate housing, job opportunities, workforce development systems, and other infrastructure to support returnees if they were to come home en masse.
Voluntary return programs can provide immediate relief to those who were planning to leave anyway or to unemployed individuals who see the program as a good incentive to return to their country of origin. But while host countries can offer attractive packages, they cannot guarantee the success of migrants in their home countries.
In addition, eligible migrant workers may be unwilling to participate because they have established strong local ties and feel at home in their host country. Pay-to-go programs may present an opportunity for different parties — including migrants, employers, and governments — to engage in a dialogue about the role of immigrants in the labor market and to design bilateral immigration plans that can benefit both the origin and destination countries.
However, the Japanese, Spanish, and Czech governments all unilaterally adopted their respective pay-to-go programs to address their own economic and social concerns. Despite the focus on pay-to-go programs, none of these countries has used its program as its main or only option for managing migration during this recession. For example, in Japan, the voluntary return program is merely one component of a slew of measures aimed at helping immigrants, such as offering free Japanese-language courses, vocational training, and job counseling for foreigners who wish to continue working in Japan.
The backdrop for these immigrant-assistance programs is an increasing understanding among certain legislators, employers, and business associations that immigrants will continue to be a key component of the economic landscape and will help to address Japan's demographic woes.
Both the Spanish and Czech governments have been curbing the renewal of work permits in conjunction with their pay-to-go programs. The Czech Republic stopped issuing work permits indefinitely to migrants from five non-EU countries including Vietnam and Mongolia. Between January and August , these policies altered the number and composition of work-permit holders. The number of Vietnamese workers has already dropped from 14, in January to 4, in August On October 29, , the lower house of the Spanish Parliament approved a reform that would tighten the requirements for family reunification.
Under this bill, only immigrants who have lived legally in Spain with a residence permit for at least five years would be eligible to reunite with parents who are 65 and older and with their children under 18, except for adult children with disabilities.
The bill will be sent to the Senate, the upper house of the Spanish parliament. If it passes as expected, the new rules would take effect in This more restrictive policy could deter migrants from participating in Spain's pay-to-go programs because leaving could very well mean they may never be able to legally return. The experiences of Japan, Spain, and the Czech Republic could help answer some of these questions and provide lessons for countries considering pay-to-go programs in the future.
As the economy begins to improve, these countries will likely need to decide where they would like to recruit foreign labor from and on what terms — ideally so that they do not need to use a pay-to-go program again.
Allen, Peter and Christopher Hope. The Daily Telegraph , July 27, Available online. Associated Press. September 23, Migration and the Global Recession. Hosken, Andrew. Returning to "the Jungle. October 22, Kirby, Emma Jane. Hope Dims in Calais "Jungle. September 19, Manzano, Gador and Yolanda Vaccaro. Martin, Philip. The Recession and Migration: Alternative Scenarios. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Paris: OECD. Plewa, Piotr. Paper presented at the annual conference for the Center on Migration, Policy, and Society, University of Oxford, September , Rogers, Rosemary.
Tapinos, G. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
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